创建Windows服务的几种方式总结

最近由于工作需要，写了一些windows服务程序，有一些经验，我现在总结写出来。

目前我知道的创建创建Windows服务有3种方式:a.利用.net框架类ServiceBaseb.利用组件Topshelfc.利用小工具instsrv和srvany

下面我利用这3种方式,分别做一个windows服务程序，程序功能就是每隔5秒往程序目录下记录日志:

a.利用.net框架类ServiceBase

本方式特点:简单，兼容性好

通过继承.net框架类ServiceBase实现

第1步: 新建一个Windows服务

public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase readonly Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Path.GetDirectoryName ( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly ( ).Location ) + @"\" + "test.txt"; public Service1 ( ) InitializeComponent ( ); _timer = new Timer ( 5000 ) AutoReset = true , Enabled = true _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) ); protected override void OnStart ( string [ ] args ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) ); protected override void OnStop ( ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine ); void witre ( string context ) StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName ); sw.WriteLine ( context ); sw.Flush ( ); sw.Close ( ); }

第2步: 添加Installer

[RunInstaller ( true )] public partial class Installer1 : System.Configuration.Install.Installer { private ServiceInstaller serviceInstaller; private ServiceProcessInstaller processInstaller; public Installer1 ( ) { InitializeComponent ( ); processInstaller = new ServiceProcessInstaller ( ); serviceInstaller = new ServiceInstaller ( ); processInstaller.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem; serviceInstaller.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic; serviceInstaller.ServiceName = "my_WindowsService"; serviceInstaller.Description = "WindowsService_Description"; serviceInstaller.DisplayName = "WindowsService_DisplayName"; Installers.Add ( serviceInstaller ); Installers.Add ( processInstaller ); } }

第3步:安装,卸载 Cmd命令installutil WindowsService_test.exe (安装Windows服务)installutil /u WindowsService_test.exe (卸载Windows服务)

代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsService_test.rar

b.利用组件Topshelf

本方式特点:代码简单,开源组件,Windows服务可运行多个实例

Topshelf是一个开源的跨平台的服务框架，支持Windows和Mono，只需要几行代码就可以构建一个很方便使用的服务. 官方网站:http://topshelf-project.com

第1步:引用程序集TopShelf.dll和log4net.dll

第2步:创建一个服务类MyClass,里面包含两个方法Start和Stop,还包含一个定时器Timer,每隔5秒往文本文件中写入字符

public class MyClass readonly Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory ( ) + @"\" + "test.txt"; public MyClass ( ) _timer = new Timer ( 5000 ) AutoReset = true , Enabled = true _timer.Elapsed += delegate ( object sender , ElapsedEventArgs e ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) ); void witre ( string context ) StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName ); sw.WriteLine ( context ); sw.Flush ( ); sw.Close ( ); public void Start ( ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Start DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) ); public void Stop ( ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Stop DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) + Environment.NewLine ); }

第3步:使用Topshelf宿主我们的服务，主要是Topshelf如何设置我们的服务的配置和启动和停止的时候的方法调用

class Program { static void Main ( string [ ] args ) { HostFactory.Run ( x => { x.Service ( ( s ) => { s.SetServiceName ( "ser" ); s.ConstructUsing ( name => new MyClass ( ) ); s.WhenStarted ( ( t ) => t.Start ( ) ); s.WhenStopped ( ( t ) => t.Stop ( ) ); } ); x.RunAsLocalSystem ( ); //服务的描述 x.SetDescription ( "Topshelf_Description" ); //服务的显示名称 x.SetDisplayName ( "Topshelf_DisplayName" ); //服务名称 x.SetServiceName ( "Topshelf_ServiceName" ); } ); } }

第4步: cmd命令

ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe install (安装Windows服务)

ConsoleApp_Topshelf.exe uninstall (卸载Windows服务)

代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/ConsoleApp_Topshelf.rar

c.利用小工具instsrv和srvany

本方式特点:代码超级简单,WindowsForm程序即可,并支持程序交互(本人最喜欢的特点),好像不支持win7,支持xp win2003

首先介绍2个小工具:

instsrv.exe:用以安装和卸载可执行的服务

srvany.exe:用于将任何EXE程序作为Windows服务运行

这2个工具都是是Microsoft Windows Resource Kits工具集的实用的小工具

你可以通过下载并安装Microsoft Windows Resource Kits获得 http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17657

第1步: 新建WindowsForm程序

public partial class Form1 : Form Timer _timer; private static readonly string FileName = Application.StartupPath + @"\" + "test.txt"; public Form1 ( ) InitializeComponent ( ); private void Form1_Load ( object sender , EventArgs e ) _timer = new Timer ( ) Enabled = true , Interval = 5000 _timer.Tick += delegate ( object _sender , EventArgs _e ) this.witre ( string.Format ( "Run DateTime {0}" , DateTime.Now ) ); void _timer_Tick ( object sender , EventArgs e ) throw new NotImplementedException ( ); void witre ( string context ) StreamWriter sw = File.AppendText ( FileName ); sw.WriteLine ( context ); sw.Flush ( ); sw.Close ( ); private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e ) MessageBox.Show ( "Hello" ); }

第2步:安装,卸载

服务的安装步骤分5小步:

(1)打开CMD,输入以下内容，其中WindowsForms_WindowsService为你要创建的服务名称

格式:目录绝对路径\instsrv WindowsForms_WindowsService 目录绝对路径\srvany.exe

例如:

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService D:\TempWork\win\Debug\srvany.exe

(2)regedit打开注册表编辑器,找到以下目录

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WindowsForms_WindowsService

(3)鼠标右键单击WindowsForms_WindowsService，创建一个"项"，名称为"Parameters"

(4)鼠标左键单击"Parameters",在右边点击鼠标右键，创建一个"字符串值"(REG_SZ)，名称为"Application"，数值数据里填写目录下可执行文件的绝对路径+文件名

例如:

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.exe

(5)打开services.msc服务控制面板，找到WindowsForms_WindowsService服务，鼠标右键-属性-登陆，勾选"允许服务与桌面交互"

启动服务,可以看到程序界面

卸载服务

D:\TempWork\win\Debug\instsrv.exe WindowsForms_WindowsService REMOVE

代码下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/aierong/WindowsFormsApplication_Exe.rar